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ACCA PM知识点：什么是大数据？

文章来源：ACCA官网

发布时间：2021-08-17 15:44

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What is big data?

There are many definitions of the term‘big data’but most suggest something like the following:

'Extremely large collections of data(data sets)that may be analysed to reveal patterns,trends,and associations,especially relating to human behaviour and interactions.'

In addition,many definitions also state that the data sets are so large that conventional methods of storing and processing the data will not work.

Sources of big data

Main sources of big data can be grouped under the headings of social(human),machine(sensor)and transactional.

Social(human)–this source is becoming more and more relevant to organisations.This source includes all social media posts,videos posted etc.

Machine(sensor)–this data comes from what can be measured by the equipment used.

Transactional–this comes from the transactions which are undertaken by the organisation.This is perhaps the most traditional of the sources.

Characteristics of big data

The characteristics of big data,known as the 5Vs,are:

Volume

Variety

Velocity

Veracity

Value

These characteristics have been generally adopted as the essential qualities of big data.

Volume

The volume of big data held by large companies such as Walmart(supermarkets),Apple and EBay is measured in multiple petabytes.A typical disc on a personal computer(PC)holds a gigabyte,so the big data depositories of these companies hold at least the data that could typically be held on 1 million PCs,perhaps even 10 to 20 million PCs.

The scale of this is difficult to comprehend.It is probably more useful to consider the types of data that large companies will typically store.

Retailers

Via loyalty cards being swiped at checkouts:details of all purchases you make,when,where,how you pay,use of coupons.

Via websites:every product you have every looked at,every page you have visited,every product you have ever bought.

Social media(such as Facebook and Twitter)

Friends and contacts,postings made,your location when postings are made,photographs(that can be scanned for identification),any other data you might choose to reveal to the universe.

Mobile phone companies

Numbers you ring,texts you send(which can be automatically scanned for key words),every location your phone has ever been whilst switched on(to an accuracy of a few metres),your browsing habits and voice mails.

Internet providers and browser providers

Every site and every page you visit.Information about all downloads and all emails(again these are routinely scanned to provide insights into your interests).Search terms which you enter.

Banking systems

Every receipt,payment,credit card information(amount,date,retailer,location),location of ATM machines used.

翻译参考

什么是大数据？

术语“大数据”有很多定义，但大多数建议如下：

“非常大的数据集合（数据集），可以对其进行分析以揭示模式、趋势和关联，尤其是与人类行为和交互相关的数据。”

此外，许多定义还指出数据集如此之大，以至于传统的数据存储和处理方法将不起作用。

大数据来源

大数据的主要来源可以归为社交（人）、机器（传感器）和交易的标题下。

社会（人）——这个来源与组织越来越相关。此来源包括所有社交媒体帖子、发布的视频等。

机器（传感器）——该数据来自所用设备可以测量的数据。

交易-这来自组织进行的交易。这可能是最传统的来源。