ACCA PM定价:Profit maximisation
文章来源:ACCA官网
发布时间:2021-08-13 16:53
阅读:1221次

Profit maximisation
To calculate profits,costs as well as revenues have to be taken into account.You will usually be dealing with a simple cost function:
Total costs=Fixed costs+(Variable cost per unit x Quantity sold)
Say that for this example,fixed costs are$50,000 and the variable cost per unit is$65,then
Costs=50,000+(65 x Quantity)
Costs can be added to the table as follows as can profit,being the difference between total revenue and total costs:
You can see that profit is maximised when the selling price is$120,generating sales of 3,000,revenue of$360,000 and costs of$245,000.
Using a table in this way and calculating the profit at each quantity sold is known at the Accountant’s approach.The Economist’s approach is different.Economists argue that as each extra unit is sold if the extra revenue generated(the marginal revenue,MR)exceeds the extra costs incurred(the marginal costs,MC),then it is worth making that item.However,if ever MC>MR it means that selling the extra unit will lose money as the additional costs are greater than the additional revenue.
So long as MR>MC,make and sell the unit;if MC<MR don’t make and sell that unit.
Profit is therefore maximised when:
MR=MC
The table below now also shows the marginal costs:
You can see that the marginal costs are constant at$65,000 per extra 1,000 units and this is simply the extra variable costs of$65 per unit.
Moving from 1,000 units to 2,000 units generates an extra$120,000 revenue for additional costs of$65,000.So,worthwhile.
Moving from 2,000 units to 3,000 units generates an extra$80,000 revenue for additional costs of$65,000.So,worthwhile.
Moving from 3,000 units to 4,000 units generates an extra$40,000 revenue for additional costs of$65,000.So,not worthwhile.Nor is it worthwhile increasing quantity any further.【点击免费下载>>>更多ACCA学习相关资料】
When MR>MC,sell more.When MR<MC sell less.Profits are maximised when MC=MR.
Therefore,as before when we looked directly at profits,we have identified that sales of 3,000 units will be where profits are maximised and these sales will be generated if the selling price is set at$120.
翻译参考
利润最大化
要计算利润,必须考虑成本和收入。您通常会处理一个简单的成本函数:
总成本=固定成本+(单位可变成本x销售数量)
假设在这个例子中,固定成本是50,000美元,单位可变成本是65美元,那么
成本=50,000+(65 x数量)
成本可以按如下方式添加到表中,利润也是如此,即总收入与总成本之间的差值:
您可以看到,当售价为120美元时,利润最大化,销售额为3,000,收入为360,000美元,成本为245,000美元。
以这种方式使用表格并计算每个销售数量的利润在会计师的方法中是已知的。经济学人的方法是不同的。经济学家认为,如果产生的额外收入(边际收入,MR)超过所产生的额外成本(边际成本,MC),那么每个额外的单位都被出售,那么就值得制作该项目。但是,如果MC>MR,则意味着出售额外单位将亏损,因为额外成本大于额外收入。
只要MR<MC,就制造和销售该单元;如果MC=MR不制造和销售该单元。
因此,在以下情况下利润最大化:
MR=MC
下表现在还显示了边际成本:
您可以看到边际成本恒定为每增加1,000个单位65,000美元,这只是每单位65美元的额外可变成本。
从1,000件增加到2,000件,额外产生120,000美元的收入,而额外成本为65,000美元。所以,值得。
从2,000件增加到3,000件会产生80,000美元的额外收入,而额外成本为65,000美元。所以,值得。
从3,000件增加到4,000件,额外产生40,000美元的收入,而成本增加了65,000美元。所以,不值得。进一步增加数量也不值得。
当MR>MC时,卖出更多。当MR<MC卖得少。当MC=MR时,利润最大化。
因此,和以前一样,当我们直接查看利润时,我们已经确定3,000件的销售额将是利润最大化的地方,如果售价定为120美元,就会产生这些销售额。
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Ollie

“ACCA考点收割机”,5年+ACCA教学经验,英国教育机构ACCA 1对1 讲师,中博教育ACCA讲师、ACCA产品经理。风趣幽默又理性博学的中英韩三语使用者, 上课带动性强,善于举例与互动,学员听、学自如。讲解逻辑严谨,公式推导清晰,学员理解轻松。归纳总结清晰,授课有方,学员快速记忆。考点把握准确。
