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ACCA AA实质性分析程序的使用
文章来源：ACCA全球官网
发布时间：2021-10-09 11:07
阅读：875次
Use of substantive analytical procedures
One of the objectives of ISA 520 is that relevant and reliable audit evidence is obtained when using substantive analytical procedures.The primary purpose of substantive analytical procedures is to obtain assurance,in combination with other audit testing(such as tests of controls and substantive tests of details),with respect to financial statement assertions for one or more audit areas.Substantive analytical procedures are generally more applicable to large volumes of transactions that tend to be more predictable over time.
The application of substantive analytical procedures is based on the expectation that relationships among data exist and continue in the absence of known conditions to the contrary.The presence of these relationships provides audit evidence as to the completeness,accuracy and occurrence of transactions.Due to their nature,substantive analytical procedures can often provide evidence for multiple assertions,identify audit issues that may not be apparent from more detailed work,and direct the auditor’s attention to areas requiring further investigation.Furthermore,the auditor may identify risks or deficiencies in internal control that had not previously been identified,which may cause the auditor to re-evaluate his planned audit approach and require the auditor to obtain more assurance from other substantive testing than originally planned.
To derive the most benefit from substantive analytical procedures,the auditor should perform substantive analytical procedures before other substantive tests because results of substantive analytical procedures often impact the nature and extent of detailed testing.Substantive analytical procedures might direct attention to areas of increased risk,and the assurance obtained from effective substantive analytical procedures will reduce the amount of assurance needed from other tests.
There are four elements that comprise distinct steps that are inherent in the process to using substantial analytical procedures:
STEP 1:Develop an independent expectation
The development of an appropriately precise,objective expectation is the most important step in effectively using substantive analytical procedures.An expectation is a prediction of a recorded amount or ratio.The prediction can be a specific number,a percentage,a direction or an approximation,depending on the desired precision.
The auditor should have an independent expectation whenever s/he uses substantive analytical procedures(ISA 520).The auditor develops expectations by identifying plausible relationships(eg between store square footage and retail sales,market trends and client revenues)that are reasonably expected to exist based on his knowledge of the business,industry,trends,or other accounts.
STEP 2:Define a significant difference(or threshold)
While designing and performing substantive analytical procedures the auditor should consider the amount of difference from the expectation that can be accepted without further investigation(ISA 520).The maximum acceptable difference is commonly called the‘threshold’.【点击免费下载>>>更多ACCA学习相关资料】
Thresholds may be defined either as numerical values or as percentages of the items being tested.Establishing an appropriate threshold is particularly critical to the effective use of substantive analytical procedures.To prevent bias in judgment,the auditor should determine the threshold while planning the substantive analytical procedures,ie before Step 3,in which the difference between the expectation and the recorded amount are computed.
The threshold is the acceptable amount of potential misstatement and therefore should not exceed planning materiality and must be sufficiently small to enable the auditor to identify misstatements that could be material either individually or when aggregated with misstatements in other disaggregated portions of the account balance or in other account balances.
STEP 3:Compute difference
The third step is the comparison of the expected value with the recorded amounts and the identification of significant differences,if any.This should be simply a mechanical calculation.
It is important to note that the computation of differences should be done after the consideration of an expectation and threshold.In applying substantive analytical procedures,it is not appropriate to first compute differences from prior-period balances and then let the results influence the‘expected’difference and the acceptable threshold.
STEP 4:Investigate significant differences and draw conclusions
The fourth step is the investigation of significant differences and formation of conclusions(ISA 520).Differences indicate an increased likelihood of misstatements;the greater the degree of precision,the greater the likelihood that the difference is a misstatement.
Explanations should be sought for the full amount of the difference,not just the part that exceeds the threshold.There is a chance that the unexplained difference may indicate an increased risk of material misstatement.The auditor should consider whether the differences were caused by factors previously overlooked when developing the expectation in Step 1,such as unexpected changes in the business or changes in accounting treatments.
If the difference is caused by factors previously overlooked,it is important to verify the new data,to show what impact this would have on the original expectations as if this data had been considered in the first place,and to understand any accounting or auditing ramifications of the new data.
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Mitchell
讲师认证：
ACCA资深会员，CPA Canada会员。 曾任ACCA中国代表处中国区政策经理、德勤中国税务和商务咨询高级顾问。拥有多年商业投资环境评估服务、国际并购服务（如尽职调查、集团架构重组计划、集团架构筹划等）及转让定价服务的经验，并参与多个ACCA全球专业洞察课题调研，在多个研讨会发表ACCA专业洞察演讲。 上课带动性强，善于举例与互动，讲解逻辑严谨，公式推导清晰，归纳总结清晰。
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