ACCA PM变量关系:Regression analysis
文章来源:ACCA官网
发布时间:2021-08-13 16:21
阅读:1192次

Regression analysis
Regression analysis also uses the historic data and finds a line of best fit,but does so statistically,making the resulting line more reliable.
We assume a linear(straight line)relationship between the variables and that the equation of a straight line is:
y=a+bx
where:
a is the fixed element(where the line crosses the y axis)
b is the variable element(gradient of the line)and
x and y relate to the x and y variables.
a and b are calculated using the following formulae:
pm-regression-5
These formulae are given on the PM formulae sheet.
The easiest way to tackle these calculations is to first set up a table with columns for x,y,xy and x2.
(note:the table also contains a column for y2.This will be required in a later calculation)
The equation of the regression line(in the form y=a+bx)becomes:
y=208.90+9.1x
Using this equation,it is easy to forecast total costs at different levels of production,for example for a production level of 80,000 units,the estimate of total cost will be:
208.90+(9.1 x 80)=936.90,or$936,900.
How reliable this estimate is will depend on the strength of the relationship between the two variables;how much of the change in y can be explained by the change in x?
The stronger the relationship between the variables,the more reliance can be placed on the equation calculated and the better the forecasts will be.
A measure of the strength of the relationship between the variables is correlation.
翻译参考
回归分析
回归分析也使用历史数据并找到一条最佳拟合线,但在统计上这样做,使结果线更可靠。
我们假设变量之间存在线性(直线)关系,直线方程为:
y=a+bx
在哪里:
a是固定元素(线与y轴相交的地方)
b是变量元素(线的梯度)和
x和y与x和y变量相关。
a和b使用以下公式计算:
这些公式在PM公式表中给出。
解决这些计算的最简单方法是首先设置一个包含x、y、xy和x 2列的表。
(注意:该表还包含一列y 2。这将在以后的计算中需要)
y=208.90+9.1x
使用此等式,可以轻松预测不同生产水平的总成本,例如,对于80,000件的生产水平,总成本的估计为:
208.90+(9.1 x 80)=936.90,即936,900美元。
这种估计的可靠性取决于两个变量之间关系的强度;y的多少变化可以用x的变化来解释?
变量之间的关系越强,对计算公式的依赖就越大,预测就越好。
变量之间关系强度的衡量标准是相关性。
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Dyson

FRM持证人,工商银行、中国银行等9家特约金融讲师,平安大学特聘讲师。从金融一线转型教育行业,从事金融证书培训超过近10年。 讲课清晰、有激情,能抓重点,能让学员集中注意力跟进课程进度,达到优化学习效果的目的,被学生称为“戴神”,在讲课过程中能结合实例加深学员对于知识点的理解。讲得好又负责。已经培育出数十位优秀学员。
