FR必考知识点:合并报表Consolidated financial statement
文章来源:中博教育
发布时间:2018-11-16 14:46
阅读:7221次

首先,很多人都有一个错觉,以为只要超过50%股权就是控股,但其是这只是其中一个指标,F7的大题常用的标準。概念上,我们要看是否有Control。
Control是指是否有能力掌控,控制或左右该公司的日常运作或财务。体现Control我们要有Power,而且可以获得回报或决定有多少回报。
一般广泛使用的标準有:
1.50%以上普通股股份(包括可转股的财务工具)
2.董事会一半以上的任命权
3.有协议让他可达到控制
当确定有Control,我们就要分收购方和被购方了,一般出资的,发股的或给予代价的都是收购方,不管是收购还是合并,按IFRS 3的要求,必须分收购方和被购方。
收购方和被购方确定后,我们得找出收购日acquisition date,因为我们必须以收购日为限,当天要估子公司的资产值,按Fair value算。
举个例,On 1 October 2015,Zanda Co acquired 60%of Medda Co’s equity shares
The summarised statements of financial position of the two companies as at 31 March 2016 are:
以收购日为限,2015年10月1日前的equity都是Pre acquisition,用来计算goodwill;从收购日开始后的equity我们都归post acquisition,会计在Group account内。
以这题为例,1/4/2015–31/3/2016共有3m的loss,Pre&Post就会各佔一半。所以pre acquisition retained earnings就是8.6m-1.5m=7.1m
分好Pre&Post后,我们得找出收购代价consideration,一般会有以下几种:
1.Cash(deferred)现金(延后)
2.Shares exchange换股
3.Assets资产
4.Debts发债
5.Contingent consideration按后续条件是否达标才发的不确定代价
以前例,On 1 October 2015,Zanda Co acquired 60%of Medda Co’s equity shares by means of a share exchange of one new share in Zanda Co for every two acquired shares in Medda Co.In addition,Zanda Co will pay a further$0·54 per acquired share on 30 September 2016.
Its cost of capital is 8%per annum.The market value of Zanda Co’s shares at 1 October 2015 was$3·00 each.
这个case的Consideration就是share exchange+Deferred consideration。
Parents share exchange的价值为9m*60%*1/2*$3=8.1m
当中Par value($1)=2.7m
而Premium($3)=5.4m Share premium/other components of equity
Deferred consideration因为是一年后才产生,所以我们得以8%计算在收购日的现值。9m*60%*0.54/1.08=2.7m
处理好consideration,我们得看一下收购时子公司的调整,因为我们得以acquisition date measured at fair value作为计值的identifiable net asset.
我们先把Pre acquisition equity找出,再找他的调整。
以上例,At the date of acquisition,Zanda Co conducted a fair value exercise on Medda Co’s net assets which were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of an item of plant which had a fair value of$2·5 million below its carrying amount.The plant had a remaining useful life of 30 months at 1 October 2015.
The directors of Zanda Co are of the opinion that an unrecorded deferred tax asset of$1·2 million at 1 October 2015,relating to Medda Co’s losses,can be relieved in the near future as a result of the acquisition.At 31 March 2016,the directors’opinion has not changed,nor has the value of the deferred tax asset.
这就出现了Plant的价值下降了,我们要把减值的部分,2.5m减在pre acquisition内,因为这会让资产值减少。而因为这减值,收购后的depreciation会减少,别忘了调整。
另外,子公司的deferred tax asset要因为可保未来有利润的情况下入账,变为Pre acquisition equity的一部份。
就是Non controlling interest了,按照现有的计量方法,一般为以下:
Full Goodwill method按Fair value定价
Partial Goodwill method就是以子公司net asset比例推算
按IFRS 3的要求,为了让goodwill可以体现non controlling interest的价值,一般会使用Full goodwill method。
NCI的fair value我们一般会取子公司的市价。
以上例,On 1 October 2015,Zanda Co acquired 60%of Medda Co’s equity shares,Zanda Co’s policy is to value the non-controlling interest at fair value at the date of acquisition.For this purpose,a share price for Medda Co of$1·50 each is representative of the fair value of the shares held by the non-controlling interest.
这样,收购日时NCI的价值就是9m*40%*$1.5=5.4m【点击免费下载>>>1.4GACCA学习大礼包】
当所有事情都理清后,我们就可以计算goodwill了,当Consideration+NCI大于子公司的identifiable net asset,就会产生Goodwill,这个方法我们叫purchased method。Goodwill是intangible asset,放在non current asset内,由于是indefinite useful life,所以要每年test for impairment,有减值马上记在profit or loss.
那如果是Consideration+NCI小于子公司的identifiable net asset,就会产生Negative Goodwill(Bargain purchase),这样我们会在当年year end再评估,如果还是Negative Goodwill,我们就会记成当年的income。
以上例,我们的goodwill计算如下:
在做合并报表的同时,我们会因为计算goodwill产生以下分录:
Consolidation at ACQ date:
Dr Subsidiary-equity shares 9m
Dr S-Retained earnings 7.1m
Dr Deferred tax asset 1.2m
Dr Group NCA–Goodwill 1.4m
Cr Parents–equity shares 2.7m
Cr P-share premium 5.4m
Cr Non controlling interest 5.4m
Cr Subsidiary–Plant 2.5m
Cr Parents-D.consideration 2.7m
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Daniel

ACCA 会员,曾任四大会计师事务所外审员、上市公司海外业务审计经理。亲切又风趣的Daniel老师,目前已从事ACCA教育培训7年+,授课逻辑严谨,思路清晰,善于总结,知识点和时事充分结合,母语般流畅而纯正的英式英语,轻松愉悦的课堂气氛,带过的多个AFM方向班通过率达到100%。是名副其实的实力派。
