带你玩转FA知识点:NCA Revaluation Gain
文章来源:中博教育
发布时间:2018-11-16 14:23
阅读:5146次

According to IAS 16,the enterprise can be allowed to adopt revaluation model as subsequent measurement for self-used NCA.Therefore,all NCAs should be measured at revalued amount when the fair value is re-assessed.At the time of revaluation,carrying amount of NCA could be calculated after original cost deducts accumulated depreciation,once there’s revaluation gain,assets carrying amount should be increased to new revalued amount while this gain is unrealized gain,hence the revaluation gain normally needs recognizing into other comprehensive income,next it transfers to revaluation reserve as benefits belongs to shareholders but without any possibility to distribute dividends.
To take an example below so as to further explain specific steps of this revaluation process.
A company owns a property as head office.He bought it 20 years ago for$100,000,depreciating it over 50 years.At the start of 2017 he decides to revalue the unit to$600,000.The unit has a remaining useful life of 30 years.
What accounting entries should be made in 2017?
Step 1 Need to calculate carrying value of NCA before revaluation
$
NCA Original Cost 100,000
Less Accumulated Depreciation-40,000(100,000/50*20)
Carrying value before revaluation 60,000
Step 2 Need to calculate revaluation gain
Revalued amount 600,000
Less carrying value-60,000
Revaluation gain 540,000
Step 3 Double entry
Dr NCA-Cost 500,000
Dr Accumulated depreciation 40,000
Cr OCI-Revaluation reserve 540,000
Step 4 Transfer excessive amount between new depreciation and old depreciation
New depreciation=600,000/30=20,000
Old depreciation=100,000/50=2,000
Excessive amount=20,000-2,000=18,000
Dr Revaluation reserve 18,000
Cr Returned earnings 18,000
主要核心点,
*:就是当NCA发生了重估增值,需要使用revalued amount价值减去NBV资产重估时点的账面价值,确认重估增值额,对于double entry,由于该项重估增值额只是自己通过估值产生的,并没有真正实现,将来只有等资产处置了才能叫做实现的利益,因此Unrealized gain通常先从credit进入OCI其他综合收益,然后转入revaluation reserve or revaluation surplus。
对于debit side,需要有两步的处理:首先将全新的NCA估价和NCA COST对比,增值的部分增加到NCA cost账户,因为当NCA进行重估增值之后需要按照revalued amount后续在未来使用年限对资产进行计提折旧,如上图全新的NCA价值是600,000,比之前NCA COST 100,000增加了500,000,第二步,要考虑该资产在进行重估之前所有计提的累计折旧本题为40,000,因为资产进行重估增值了,可以视为一个全新的资产,那么增值额540,000其中也有40,000是要冲减掉以前所有的折旧产生的,因此借方计入累计折旧40,000,相当于该资产进行重估之后按照600,000重新计提折旧,之前的折旧全部不要了,清理掉。
第二:进行重估增值后的资产在未来年限计提折旧需要使用全新的价值,上述举例就是600,000,在未来30年进行计提折旧,new depreciation=600,000/30=20,000,
折旧费用本是进入损益表用来冲减利润的,需要和如果不进行重估资产原来的折旧进行比较,old depreciation=100,000/50=2,000,发现new depreciation多于old depreciation 18,000,也就是当资产重估增值后,未来30年每一年的折旧费用多了18,000,利润也就少了18,000,利润结转到留存收益也就是奥了18,000,因此将来可以给股东分配股利的基数也少了18,000,需要做一笔调整处理。
这里思考一个问题,什么样的成本产生了折旧费用可以真正抵减利润,那就是购买NCA产生的真正实现的成本,但是这里的重估增值虽让导致资产增加了,但是是未实现的价值,因此不允许未实现的价值增加折旧而减少利润,所以需要做恢复处理,
Debit Revaluation reserve Credit Returned earnings
从RR借方未实现转入贷方RE已经实现的科目,整个entry都属于equity科目,借贷一增一减,equity总额不变。
Herewith the apprehension of above transfer excessive depreciation
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Ethan

FRM持证人,CFA持证人,CQF持证人,现任职于某对冲基金量化投资部门,从事风控管理以及交易策略制定,在风控方向有近10年工作经验。擅长采用Matlab,Python和C++进行市场风险和信用风险建模和回测,授课稳中有进,举例生动,专业干货多的同时又能顾及细节,积极与学员互动答疑。耐心十足。认真实干。成功带出十数名高分优秀学生。
