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ACCA FM知识点：Setting credit terms and monitoring accounts receivable

文章来源：ACCA全球官网

发布时间：2021-11-04 11:12

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财务管理学习指南的C2d部分指出，学生应该能够“讨论、应用和评估相关技术在应收账款管理中的使用”，然后在六个小节中给出了所需内容的进一步细节。本文介绍设置信用条款和监控应收账款知识点。

Setting credit terms and monitoring accounts receivable

As soon as a customer is given credit,the credit terms of the company should be explained to them.For instance,the normal credit period granted and any discount for prompt payment,or interest charged on late payment,should be explicitly detailed to the customer.Very often,the credit terms a company adopts are the terms that are most common in its trade.

To use something different can cause problems as customers will be expecting,and are likely to take,what is normal in the trade.Having said that,variations within a trade do occur and,indeed,a company may well offer different terms to different customers,depending on the credit rating of each customer and their relationship with each customer.

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Initially,a suitable credit limit should be set for each customer.This credit limit should only be allowed to grow slowly as your faith in the customer grows and all attempted breaches of the credit limit should be brought to the attention of the credit controller or other responsible person.It should be remembered that a common trick of an unethical company is to find a new supplier,make a small order and pay for it promptly.A large order is then made and,having taken delivery of this order,the customer delays payment for a significant time.

The accounts receivable should be continuously monitored.In order to do this a number of reports are useful:

●Accounts receivable aged analysis–this shows the amounts outstanding from each customer and for how long they have been outstanding.This will indicate any breaches of the credit terms.

●A credit utilisation report–this shows the proportion of each customers credit limit that is currently being utilised.Therefore,it will indicate where credit limits may need to be reviewed upwards or downwards and whether any credit limit breaches have occurred.

Taken together,these reports show how exposed a company is to its accounts receivable.In larger organisations,customers may be classified by trade and country as it is then possible to evaluate exposure by both country and trade.Larger businesses may also create their own in-house credit ratings for their customers.

Whether or not the basic credit terms offered by the company are suitable should be regularly reviewed.There is no point offering unnecessarily long periods of credit–however,equally,a company may find that extending its credit terms leads to an increase in sales.Any alteration in credit terms could be evaluated using the techniques demonstrated in the aforementioned‘Receivables collection’technical article.

相关阅读：【ACCA FM知识点：Assessing creditworthiness】

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