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ACCA AA审计的固有风险

文章来源：ACCA全球官网

发布时间：2021-09-26 14:04

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Inherent risk

Inherent risk is described as the susceptibility of an assertion about a class of transaction,account balance or disclosure to a misstatement that could be material,either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements,before consideration of any related controls2.

Understanding the entity and its environment

ISA 315(Revised)has explicitly defined inherent risk factors as being qualitative or quantitative,and include:

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Inherent risk is considered by the auditor before they consider any related controls.Inherent risk and control risk are both elements of the risk of material misstatement at the assertion level.

Understanding the applicable financial reporting framework

Auditors must consider the impact of the accounting policies and financial reporting requirements,including industry specific requirements,when assessing the risk of material misstatement.

There are several financial reporting standards which can be subject to misapplication,either deliberate or accidental,such as IFRS®15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers or IAS®37,Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.Foreign currency adjustments or complex financial instruments can further complicate the reporting(and regulatory)requirements.

New or emerging accounting issues,such as cryptocurrencies or environmental reporting may be affected by the subjectivity of management.In the case of technological changes,a lack of definitive accounting standards may result in inconsistent or incorrect valuations or disclosures.

Evaluating the financial reporting policies of the entity is part of the overall assessment of inherent risk.

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For the identified risks of material misstatement at the assertion level,the auditor is required to carry out a separate assessment of inherent risk and control risk.This separate assessment was introduced into ISA 315(Revised)so as to maintain consistency with ISA 330,The Auditor’s Responses to Assessed Risks which also requires the auditor to consider inherent risk and control risk separately in order to respond appropriately to assessed risks of material misstatement at the assertion level.

Inherent risk will be higher for some assertions and related classes of transactions,account balances and disclosures than for others and this will require the exercise of professional judgement.The degree to which inherent risk varies is referred to in ISA 315(Revised)as the spectrum of inherent risk.

The spectrum of inherent risk helps to determine whether an identified risk is a significant risk.ISA 315(Revised)introduces the concept of a significant risk,which is an identified risk of material misstatement for which the assessment of inherent risk is close to the upper end of the spectrum of inherent risk.This is due to the degree to which inherent risk factors affect the combination of the likelihood and the magnitude of a potential misstatement.

When the auditor is planning responses to identified risks,risks may need to be prioritised as the auditor needs to plan to obtain more evidence in relation to significant risks.The higher on the spectrum of inherent risk a risk is assessed,the more persuasive the audit evidence needs to be.This is a particularly important skill when answering questions at the AAA level,and good practice for practical audit work too.In addition,the controls that address significant risks are required to be identified by ISA 315(Revised),and the auditor is required to evaluate whether the control has been designed effectively and implemented.

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