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ACCA LW公司法：Company resolutions
文章来源：ACCA官网
发布时间：2021-08-10 10:38
阅读：1234次
Company resolutions
Under the provisions of CA 2006 there are three types of resolutions:ordinary resolutions,special resolutions,and written resolutions.
Ordinary resolutions
Section 282 defines an ordinary resolution of the members(or class of members)of a company as a resolution that is passed by a simple majority.
If the resolution is to be voted on a show of hands,the majority is determined on the basis of those who vote in person or as duly appointed proxies.Where a poll vote is called,the majority is determined in relation to the total voting rights of members who vote in person or by proxy.
Special resolutions
A special resolution of the members(or of a class of members)of a company means a resolution passed by a majority of not less than 75%.This is determined in the same way as for an ordinary resolution(s283).If a resolution is proposed as a special resolution,it must be indicated as such,either in the written resolution text or in the meeting notice.Where a resolution is proposed as a special resolution,it can only be passed as such,although anything that may be done as an ordinary resolution may be passed as a special resolution(s282(5)).There is no longer a requirement for 21 days’notice where a special resolution is to be passed at a meeting.
Where a provision of the Act requires a resolution,but does not specify what kind of resolution is required,the default provision is for an ordinary resolution.However,the company’s articles may require a higher majority,or,indeed,may require a unanimous vote to pass the resolution.The articles cannot alter the requisite majority where the Act actually states the required majority,so,if the Act provides for an ordinary resolution,the articles cannot require a higher majority.
Written resolutions
Private limited companies are no longer required to hold meetings and can take decisions by way of written resolutions(s281).The Act no longer requires unanimity to pass a written resolution.It merely requires the appropriate majority of total voting rights,a simple majority for an ordinary resolution(s282(2))and a 75%majority of the total voting rights for a special resolution(s283(2)).
Section 288(5)states that anything which,in the case of a private company,might be done by resolution in a general meeting,or by a meeting of a class of members of the company,may be done by written resolution with only two exceptions–the removal a director,and the removal of an auditor.
These both require a general meeting of shareholders to be called.A written resolution may be proposed by the directors or the members of the private company(s288(3)).Under Section 291,in the case of a written resolution proposed by the directors,the company must send or submit a copy of the resolution to every eligible member.This may be done either by:
sending copies to all eligible members in hard copy or electronic form or by means of a website
submitting the same copy to each eligible member in turn,or different copies to each of a number of eligible members in turn
by a mixture of the above.
The copy of the resolution must be accompanied by a statement informing the members both how to signify agreement to the resolution and the date by which the resolution must be passed if it is not to lapse(s291(4)).It is a criminal offence not to comply with the above procedure,although the validity of any resolution passed is not affected.
The members of a private company may require the company to circulate a resolution if they control 5%of the voting rights(or a lower percentage if specified in the company’s articles).They can also require a statement(of not more than 1,000 words)to be circulated with the resolution(s292).However,the members requiring the circulation of the resolution will be required to pay any expenses involved,unless the company resolves otherwise.
Agreement to a proposed written resolution occurs when the company receives an authenticated document,in either hard copy or electronic form,identifying the resolution and indicating agreement to it.Once submitted,agreement cannot be revoked.
The resolution and accompanying documents must be sent to all members who are entitled to vote on the circulation date of the resolution.The company’s auditor should also receive such documentation(s502).
Written by a member of the Corporate and Business Law examining team
翻译参考
公司决议
根据CA 2006的规定，决议分为三类：普通决议、特别决议和书面决议。
普通决议【点击免费下载>>>更多ACCA学习相关资料】
第282条将公司成员（或成员类别）的普通决议定义为简单多数通过的决议。
如果决议通过举手表决，则多数由亲自投票或正式指定的代理人投票决定。在进行投票表决时，多数取决于亲自或委托代理人投票的成员的总投票权。
特别决议公司
成员（或一类成员）的特别决议是指以不少于75%的多数通过的决议。这以与普通决议（s283）相同的方式确定。如果决议作为特别决议提出，则必须在书面决议案文或会议通知中注明。如果决议作为特别决议提出，则只能以特别决议的形式通过，尽管任何可以作为普通决议进行的事情都可以作为特别决议通过（第282(5)条）。如果要在会议上通过特别决议，则不再需要提前21天通知。
如果该法案的规定需要决议，但未具体说明需要何种决议，则默认规定为普通决议。但是，公司的章程可能需要更高的多数票，或者实际上可能需要一致投票才能通过决议。在法案实际规定所需多数的情况下，条款不能改变必需的多数，因此，如果该法案规定了普通决议，则条款不能要求更高的多数。
书面决议
私人有限公司不再需要召开会议，可以通过书面决议的方式做出决定（第281条）。该法案不再需要一致通过书面决议。它只需要总投票权的适当多数，普通决议的简单多数（s282（2））和特别决议的总投票权的75%（s283（2））。
第288(5)条规定，就私人公司而言，任何可以通过股东大会或公司类别成员会议的决议来完成的事情，都可以通过书面决议来完成，并且只需要两个人例外情况——罢免董事和罢免审计师。
这两者都需要召开股东大会。私人公司的董事或成员可以提出书面决议（s288(3)）。根据第291条，如果董事提出书面决议，公司必须向每位符合条件的成员发送或提交决议副本。这可以通过以下任一方式完成：
1.以硬拷贝或电子形式或通过网站向所有符合条件的成员发送副本
2.依次向每个符合条件的成员提交相同的副本，或依次向多个符合条件的成员中的每个成员提交不同的副本
3.通过上述混合。
该决议的副本必须附有一份声明，告知成员如何表示同意该决议以及该决议必须通过的日期（如果该决议不会失效）（第291（4）条）。不遵守上述程序即属刑事犯罪，但通过的任何决议的有效性不受影响。
私人公司的成员如果控制5%的投票权（或如果公司章程中规定的比例更低），则可以要求公司传阅决议。他们还可以要求一份声明（不超过1,000字）与决议一起分发（s292）。但是，除非公司另有决议，要求传阅决议的成员将被要求支付所涉及的任何费用。
当公司收到一份经过认证的文件，无论是硬拷贝还是电子形式，识别决议并表示同意时，即表示同意提议的书面决议。一经提交，协议不可撤销。
决议及随附文件必须在决议传阅之日发送给所有有权投票的成员。公司的审计师也应收到此类文件（s502）。
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